倒行運動 - 讓我們的身心更健康吧!
我們走路都是向前行的,『倒行』是我們少做的事情。倒行與前行方向相反,所以走動時使用的肌肉是有點不同的。
倒行運動已於歐美國家推行超過30年,
不只是個人運動,還可以兩個人一起做及進行長跑比賽。在香港,很少人知道倒行運動的好處,甚至知道也不會做。現在我在這裡希望大家更了解倒行的好處及怎樣做才是最好的。
倒行運動的9大優點
1. 膝部
對於膝痛患者而言,根據澳門理工學院在2003年的一項研究顯示,倒行運動最重要的是可增加大腿股四頭肌的內側廣肌收縮,增加膝蓋的穩定性及減少向外移的程度,對患有髕股關節痛症候群 (Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome) 特別有幫助。另外, 倒行運動在膝關節的前十字韌帶受傷 (ACL Injury) 的復康也十分有幫助。

2. 足踝扭傷
倒行運動可增強肌肉控制,減低再次扭傷的機會。
3. 足跟痛
倒行運動可增加在步行時腳背向上屈曲的幅度,間接達到伸展小腿後肌的效果,對有扁平足的人士也很有幫助。
4. 腰椎
長時間坐著而缺乏運動會令腹部及背部的肌肉變弱,增加背痛的機會。倒行運作可強化腹部肌肉,?加腰椎的穩定性,從而減少脊椎關節的不正常壓力及腰背痛。
5. 頸椎
人如果長時間做用電腦,頭和頸很容易向前傾,頸背肌肉會變得緊張,產生頸痛甚至頭痛。倒行運動時頭和頸會比較多傾向後,可放鬆頸背肌肉以達至改善姿勢及舒緩頸部不適的效果。
6. 肩膀
長時間坐著、低著頭打遊戲機很容易促成肩膀向前彎、甚至寒背。由於倒行運動的重心向後,可促進肩膀向後收,收善寒背及肩膀向前彎的不良姿勢,減少患肩痛的機會。
7. 控制體重
倒行的步履(Cadence)較前行更為頻密,能量的消耗會比較多。倒行運動的體力消耗較向前行運動多30%,對想減肥的人士,倒後行的減肥效果會較快。

在跑步機上進行倒行運動需接受適當的訓練
8. 提升身體平衡力,預防跌倒
由於我們在倒行時不可依賴我們的眼睛平衡,倒行時我們更需要依重我們的體位感覺的平衡。從而多做倒行運動,可增強體位感覺及平衡力,預防長者跌倒,但長者進行此運動時必須小心,最好有家人陪同或扶著穩固的東西進行。
9. 中風病人
中風病人由於有一邊身比較弱,令步姿左右不對稱,身體的重量集中在正常的那一邊。2005年在台灣進行了一項研究,25個參加者分成2組。一組中風的病人接受傳統的中風康復治療,另一姐組接受傳統的中風康復治療加倒行運動,3星期的訓練後,有倒行運動的那一組中風病人的步姿明顯地比較左右對稱。
倒行方法
然而,由於倒行時望不到後方的事物,所以須小心個人安全,建議在熟識、少人及少雜物的環境下進行,開始時扶著扶手進行更好。最安全的方法是 5 - 4 步法,前行 5 步,倒行 4 步,之後前行 4 步,倒行 5 步。
另外,長距離倒行時,我們的頭可能經常要轉向後,如不小心有機會扭傷頸部,比較安全的方法是將一邊身向後轉動大約 30 度,才繼續倒行運動。

除此之外,我們可以找同伴一起運動,方法是一個如常地向前行,而向後行的一位則在向前行者的前面(即兩人面對面行),由向前行者負責引領,觀察前面景況,如發現前方有任何障礙物,都可立即提醒倒後運動者。我們叫這種做法名為『輪流混合步行運動 Alternative Mixed Walking』。

注意事項
我們在倒行時,由於很多肌肉平時都很少用的,身體會有不習慣的感覺,建議運動前要有適量的熱身及伸展運動,開始倒行時動作要慢,不要做得太久,一天 5 至 10 分鐘就足夠了,以免拉傷肌肉及使肌肉過勞。如在運動時膝部及其他身體地方不適,應停止此運動及休息。
伸展運動
1. 伸展股四頭肌運動
開始姿勢:站立,一邊手扶著牆。
動作:手扶著牆那邊的下肢屈膝向後,另一邊的手抓著下肢的腳背向上拉,直至大腿前肌感到拉緊後維持 10 秒,每天重複 10 次。過程中左右大腿需保持並排,腰部不應彎曲。
2. 伸展小腿後肌運動
開始姿勢:前後腳站立,雙腳腳尖指向前,一腳伸直向後,腳掌貼地,另外一隻腳屈膝向前,雙腳大約分開 30 - 40 厘米。
動作:身體慢慢向下壓,直至小腿感到拉力,持續 10 秒,每天重複 10 次。
活動圖片
報章報導
如想知道更多5-4步行的資料,歡覽http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~btbates/backward/retrowalk.htm
如想知道更多國際倒後跑的資料,歡迎瀏覽http://www.backward-running-backward.com/
如有任何有關倒後行的疑問,歡迎電郵 enquiry@lausiuon.com 或致電(852)2111 2880。
Backward Walking and Running
Generally, we walk in forward direction, backward walking is the thing that we seldom do in our life, we just do a little from standing to sitting posture.
During walking backward, as the direction is different, it involved different muscles in different extent compared to forward walking. According to the biomechanics studies in Macau , the special finding is the activity of VMO (Vastus Medialis of Quadriceps Muscle) increases much in activity during backward walking exercise. It is well accepted that the VMO training is very important for late stage of patellofemoral pain syndrome and ACL injury rehabilitation, which can stabilize and protect the knee.
Apart from the knee, it also can strengthen up the proprioceptive sense of ankle, which is important in increasing the stability of ankle joint and reduce the stress on injured ankle ligaments.
For the people with long time of sitting, the abdominal and back muscles would become weak and increase the chance of having low back pain. As the walking backward would stimulate the abdominal muscles to contract., so it can increases the stability of lumbar spine, to prevent and relieve the low back pain.
The leaning backward posture can also facilitate the erect back and neck posture, correct the poking chin, slump back and round shoulder problem, which are common in the people need to sit for long time.
The backward walking can burn more energy compared to forward walking, as the backward walking increase our walking cadence, which is a good method to control weight.
Although there are many benefits of backward walking, but we still need to care about the safety issue.
For example, the elderly can walk with family member or hold on the handrail at home, and using the pattern of 5 - 4 walking pattern, which are 5 steps forward and 4 steps backward reciprocally. At the beginning, it is suggested to do 5 – 10 minutes, if there is no problem, you can do it longer. If you have a cardiac or pulmonary problem, it is suggested to ask your doctor or physiotherapist first.
For the youth, you can try the “mixed walking” in athletes field, 2 persons walk or run together, one is walking forward and one is walking backward, the person walking forward can guide the person walking backward. They can alternate their role. During the process, apart from physical benefits, it can increase their communication and trust. The participants can do the stretching exercise for quadriceps and calf muscles, to prevent the strain of muscles in running.
If you only have one person, you still can do the backward walking exercise, but as you may need to look backward frequently, you may have a chance of strain your neck muscles. Therefore, to prevent muscle strain, it is suggested to turn your trunk about 30 degrees to one side during walking backward and stretch your neck muscle before backward walking exercise, which can prevent the injury.
For more information about the Walking 5-4, Visit: http://darkwing.uoregon.edu/~btbates/backward/retrowalk.htm
For more information about the International Retro Running Website: http://www.backward-running-backward.com/
If you have any question on backward walking, it is welcome to contact me at enquiry@lausiuon.com or (852) 2111 2880.